Are all EV charging cables the same? A guide on electric car charging cables
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With the increasing number of electric vehicle purchases, understanding how the charging system works is becoming crucial for new and seasoned EV owners. EV charging cables vary in many ways, including safety features, charging speed, connector type, and compatibility. In this article, we will dive into the world of electric vehicles and their charging cables, the key differences, and how to choose the right one for your car's needs.
Types of Electric Vehicle Charging Cables
Understanding the types of electric car charging cables is the first step in making an informed decision. Different cables are designed for specific uses, and not all electric vehicle charging cables are interchangeable.
Understanding the differences between the types of electric vehicle charging cables is the first step in making an informed decision. It is essential to know that not all electric vehicle charging cables are interchangeable and that different wires are designed for specific uses.
Type 1 Charging Cables
Type 1 charging cables can deliver AC charging up to 7.4 kW. They are primarily used in some Asian areas and North America, where Type 1 is the standard. Type 1 and Type 2 cables support AC charging – the so-called slow charging.
Type 2 Charging Cables
Type 2 charging cables have three-phase capability, allowing for up to 22 kW of power delivery. Type 2 is a standard for vehicle charging cables in Europe. The connector is versatile and comes as a perfect charging solution for most EV owners due to its support to a broad range of charging speeds - from slow home charging to rapid public charging. The design of the Type 2 cable features a locking mechanism. It helps with safety and prevents accidental disconnections.
CCS
The CCS (Combined Charging System) allows both AC and DC charging since it adds two DC pins to the Type 2 connector. CCS enables faster charging times compared to standard AC chargers. The reason for this is that it can provide power up to 350 kW. EV drivers who require quick charging highly appreciate the dual capability of the CCS. The increasing number of CCS stations throughout Europe shows that it's becoming more popular and will remain Europe’s only official standard and one of the best charging systems in the future.
CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO is a fast-charging standard that uses a connector, unlike CCS. Japanese-made electric vehicles, like some Nissan and Mitsubishi models, use it. CHAdeMO cables can charge DC at speeds up to 100kW. CHAdeMo connectors can still be found at some public charging stations but they are not as popular as CCS.
Tesla Supercharger
The Supercharger network was built with the intent to work only for Tesla vehicles and uses proprietary connectors made by Tesla itself. The stationary sites offer some of the quickest charging speeds in the business, supplying a peak rate up to 250kW for fast refills. Tesla drivers can also use adapters for Type 2 or CCS networks. Thus, they can easily plug in their cars anywhere at public charging stations. The European Tesla Supercharger uses the CCS2 standard and is open to other vehicles as well, with Bulgaria and Serbia as exceptions.
The US Tesla Supercharger uses the NACS. The NACS (North American Charging Standard) is a standardized charging system for electric vehicles (EVs), developed to streamline and improve charging infrastructure across North America. It provides a unified plug design that supports both AC and DC charging, making it more versatile for various charging stations and simplifying the EV charging experience. The NACS is created by Tesla and will become the charging standard for North America in the near future.
Key Differences Among EV Cables
Here are the key differences among EV cables.
Connector Type
Electric car charging cables have different connectors in some cases. While Type 1 and CHAdeMO tend to be more common outside of Europe, the latter two types are much faster in terms of recharging time, so they have become dominant on European home soil.
Pairing Speed
Different EVs charge at very different rates. Type 1 cables (also known as J1772) are used for slow AC charging, while this side of the Type 2 plug's companion connector can access fast DC charging via CCS. CHAdeMO can be associated with both T1 and T2 ports.
Compatibility
Cables are probably not compatible with each charging station, especially in this area and for this vehicle type. This is why you must confirm your vehicle's specifications before making an EV cable purchase.
Design
Cables are built differently, be it the material used, and some of these also have smart safety mechanisms like auto-locking connectors or heat-resistant materials, which make them safe to use during charging.
How to Choose the Right Electric Car Charging Cable?
Choosing the right electric vehicle charging cable encompasses several factors to ensure the ideal charge and connectivity.
Assessing Your Charging Needs and Charging Speed
Before buying a cable, think about where you will be doing the bulk of your charging. An AC cable—like Type 1 or Type 2—is good for regular home charging. Also, take into consideration the power of your EV's onboard charger—buying a cable with a faster charging rate than what your vehicle can handle has no point.
How to maintain your EV cable?
Here are the best practices to prolong the lifespan of the electric car chargers:
- Routine Inspection: Occasionally assess the cable for indications of material breakdown, worn insulation, or fraying. Damaged cables have critical safety implications.
- Store Properly: Don't let them float around. Make sure you store your cable to avoid moisture getting in and deteriorating the connectors. You can also protect the cable by carrying it in a case.
- Avoid bending: Don't bend cables too much, as this also creates more strain. Zip-tie the cable in small loops.
- Maintain Clean Connectors: Clean connectors frequently to ensure a connection. Poor contact will not only hinder effectiveness but also ruin your car's charging port with dust and debris accumulation.